In my clinical experience, the most common side effects after chemical peels especially medium to deep peels, include redness, dryness, peeling, sensitivity, and temporary hyperpigmentation. In darker skin types, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation is a particularly important concern, even with lighter peels. Other potential but less common side effects include crusting, prolonged erythema, and in rare cases, infection or scarring if aftercare is not followed properly. To minimize complications and support healing, I recommend the following evidence-based aftercare protocols: 1. Sun protection is critical: Patients should apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher) daily, starting immediately after peeling. Sun exposure should be avoided for at least one to two weeks post-peel. 2. Barrier repair and hydration: Use of a bland, non-fragranced moisturizer (such as one with ceramides or petrolatum) helps restore the skin barrier and reduce dryness and irritation. 3. Gentle cleansing: A sulfate-free, non-foaming cleanser should be used during the healing phase. Patients should avoid scrubbing or picking at flaking skin to prevent scarring and pigmentation. 4. Avoid actives: Retinoids, exfoliating acids, and vitamin C should be discontinued several days before and at least 5-7 days after the peel, or longer depending on the depth. 5. Watch for complications: Any signs of infection (e.g. yellow crusting, increasing pain, or pus) should prompt immediate evaluation. Tailoring aftercare based on the patient's skin type, peel depth, and medical history is key.